Video surveillance systems were mostly used with medium to large business in past years. These days however, they are becoming more and more common in homes. With crime on the rise, technology has lead to a decrease in home security prices. More and more people can afford home surveillance system to protect their homes. This article will talk about what components a home surveillance system is made up of and how does it works.

Video surveillance security systems are also known as Closed Circuit TV (CCTV) and are used to monitor certain areas around the home and help to protect it from burglars and thieves. The monitor is a key aspect to the video surveillance setup. The monitor will feed the video from the cameras that make up the system. The monitors are normally black and white and feature a higher resolution than that of a standard television set. Monitors vary in size and resolution, although the standard resolution is between 500 and 1000 lines.

Cameras are also important. When setting up the home video surveillance system, the cameras are placed strategically around the outside of the home, in the most vulnerable areas. They should be set up in areas where they are nearly impossible to see. The cameras are always working, sending the video transmissions to the monitors on a frequent basis.

Coaxial cables are also a must have for video surveillance systems. The coaxial cables are what transfers the video signals from the camera to the monitor. The cables are available in a variety of sizes. You can find them at a local electronics store in your area. Your home video surveillance system will come with coaxial cables, although you may need more depending on where you plan to set the cameras up at.

Home video surveillance systems also use switchers. Switchers allow you to run multiple camera feeds to one monitor. Normally, a switcher will cycle through feeds unless it detects movement going on around a camera. When the switcher detects any type of movement, it will automatically lock in to the camera that has detected the movement.

There are some video surveillance systems that you can get for the home that make full use of VCRs. These systems will use the VCR to record any live video feed that you program. This can come in handy if you travel a lot, as the VCR can capture a break in as it happens. If you end up going to court or to the police, you can use the video tape as evidence. VCRs can catch burglars in the act – especially if you set the camera up to a location that is hard to see.

By utilizing the combination of a monitor and video camera, home video surveillance systems can easily catch burglaries and break-ins. They are very affordable these days, and used in thousands of homes throughout North America. If you’ve been looking for the ideal way to protect your home – a home video surveillance system is something you should look into immediately.

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When they were very first introduced, video surveillance systems were mostly utilized with medium to big businesses. Nowadays nevertheless, they are becoming a lot more common in homes. Movie surveillance security systems are also known as Closed Circuit TV (CCTV) and are utilized to monitor particular areas around the house and help to guard it from burglars and thieves.

The monitor is really a key aspect towards the movie surveillance setup. The monitor will feed the video from the cameras that define the system. The monitors are usually black and white and feature a higher resolution than that of a standard television set. Monitors vary in size and resolution, although the standard resolution is between 500 and 1000 lines.

Cameras are also important. When setting up the house video surveillance system, the cameras are placed strategically around the outside of the house, within the most vulnerable places. They ought to be set up in places where they are nearly impossible to see. The cameras are usually working, sending the movie transmissions to the monitors on a frequent basis.

Coaxial cables are also a must have for video surveillance techniques. The coaxial cables are what transfers the video signals from the camera to the monitor. The cables are available in a number of sizes. You can find them at a local electronics store in your area. Your house video surveillance system will come with coaxial cables, although you might require more depending on wherever you plan to set the cameras up at.

House movie surveillance systems also use switchers. Switchers permit you to run multiple camera feeds to one monitor. Usually, a switcher will cycle via feeds unless it detects movement going on close to a camera. When the switcher detects any type of motion, it will automatically lock in to the camera that has detected the movement.

You will find some video surveillance techniques that you can get for the home that make full use of VCRs. These systems will use the VCR to record any live movie feed that you simply program. This can arrive in handy if you travel a lot, as the VCR can capture a break in as it happens. If you end up going to court or towards the police, you are able to use the movie tape as evidence. VCRs can catch burglars within the act – especially if you set the camera up to a location that’s hard to see.

By utilizing the combination of a monitor and video camera, house video surveillance techniques can easily catch burglaries and break-ins. They are really affordable nowadays, and used in thousands of homes throughout the country. If you were searching for the ideal method to protect your home – a house movie surveillance system is something you should look into immediately.

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1. Black/White or Color?

Color Cameras are more popular, due to their clearer identifications. But, in low light conditions, B/W cameras are more ideal, because they generally require less illumination. Newer models of Day/Night cameras work as color camera during daytime and B/W at night.

2. What basic equipments are necessary to start video surveillance?

Camera body, Lens, Mount, Cable, and Power Supply.

Some cameras (like dome and bullet type cameras) come with built-in lenses. You will also need CCTV monitor (or regular TV), quad splitter or switcher to combine more than one camera, recorder (like DVR), outdoor housing case and other accessories. Wireless systems are great way to avoid cabling. Network based Web Cameras and DVRs are for remote surveillance.

3. What if I need more than one camera?

A quad splitter, 4 channel or 8 channel switcher, or multiplexer can be used to combine multiple cameras into one monitor or recorder. DVRs usually come with a built-in multiplexer.

4. Hidden Cameras

If you want a hidden camera, you have two options; you can either build one with a mini or an ultra-mini camera, or buy one. Some ultra-mini cameras are only as big as a quarter to hide more easily. Hidden cameras built-in clocks, radios, or smoke detectors are also available but are generally more costly. Please note that, in most US states, using hidden cameras with audio in a covert way is prohibited.

5. Placing cameras outdoors

You may use an outdoor housing case, with or without heater and/or blower. The heater and/or blower built-in housing cases generally require a separate power source. Some cameras are made water resistant and do not need separate housing cases. Some of these also come with removable sunshields.

6. When are infrared cameras necessary?

Economically commercialized infrared cameras, some also water-resistant to be installed outdoor, can see up to 40 to 80ft distance in total darkness. You may also use infrared illuminators, which can illuminate up to 100ft (Color cameras, unless their IR filter is removed, do not work with infrared illuminators.) Infrared cameras work as ordinary video camera during daytime. Color infrared cameras work as B/W ones at night.

7. What is an ideal angle for a lens to cover?

Widely used and recommended angle of view of the lens for surveillance purpose is 72o to 78o. Narrower will give you clearer pictures. Wide angles like 92o can cover more area but it may show distorted pictures.

8. Vari-focal vs. Zoom Lens

Focal length and focusing for vari-focal lens should be adjusted respectively while zoom lens focuses automatically when the focal length is adjusted. Manual zoom lens needs to be manually adjusted while motorized zoom lens can be controlled with a remote controller.

9. Manual Iris vs. Auto Iris

If the lighting condition changes significantly and frequently, like the sun, an auto iris lens is required. If the lighting remains same, a manual iris or a fixed iris lens is recommended. Most CCTV cameras accept DC auto iris lens while some special cameras use video auto iris lens.

10. Do I need pinhole lens?

A pinhole lens with a tiny opening can be hidden in the wall, ceiling or other objects. Some mini cameras have a built-in pinhole lens. To mount a pinhole lens to a standard camera is very expensive.

11. CCTV Monitor vs. Standard TV

If you are use only one camera, a TV (which has a RCA video input) is definitely recommended. Even for more than 1 camera, if you use a processor like a quad splitter, a switcher, or a DVR (Digital Video Recorder), a TV would be fine. But, for special features like slave video outputs (to be connected to additional monitors), alarm systems, or for multiple inputs, professional CCTV monitors work best.

12. CRT vs. LCD Monitor

Conventional CRT monitors are bulky and heavy while they are cheaper than LCD monitors which has higher resolution. If you have enough budgets and want to use one monitor for both CCTV and computer, LCD monitor is recommended. 17″ & 19″ are popular sizes for LCD monitors.

13. Monitor Input Connectors

BNC is commonly used for connecting to both CRT and LCD monitors. These days, most LCD monitors have an S-Video input as well as a 15-pin Mini D-Sub for PC Signal input.

14. Wireless vs. Wired Transmission

A wireless system is convenient in avoid cabling works, but can sometimes be affected by high voltage power lines, unseen razor waves, large machines like lathes, and metal walls. Wired transmission guarantees stable video. Coaxial cable is most used for CCTV cameras.

15. 12VDC vs. 24VAC

24VAC system is more professional and most CCTV cameras work with a 24VAC power supply. Mini cameras, dome cameras, and bullet type cameras are usually 12VDC system. Recently developed cameras have both 12VDC and 24VAC inputs.

16. Battery operated cameras

Many small sized cameras work with 12VDC battery pack; however it requires correctly matched polarity. You may also use a “power cord” (easily found at any auto parts shop) that can draw 12VDC through the car cigarette lighter.

17. Motion detection

Most DVRs now come with built-in motion detection software to trigger recording. You can program the sensitivity and detection zone. It works with any change of the pixels within the picture frame. You can also install a hardware motion detector connected to the DVRs to trigger recording.

18. Pan, Tilt, and Zoom control

A dome type camera that already has built-in PTZ is easy to install, maintain, and control. You can also control it on the computer monitor with the mouse if the PTZ system is connected on the network via a video server.

19. Time Lapse VCR vs. DVR(Digital Video Recorder)

Conventional Time Lapse VCR, despite the inconvenience in reviewing the recorded pictures, is more economical than a DVR (Digital Video Recorder). DVRs are more popular for its convenience and picture quality.

20. Remote Surveillance over the Network

Network DVR or Web Camera, connected to the Internet or LAN and assigned with an IP address, can be monitored at a remote place. DSL or T-1 line is required to be connected to the Internet.

21. HD CCTV System

As the TV Broadcasting changed to HD (High Definition) System, it’s time for HD cameras to come to the market. Still, the traditional standard resolution system does not accept HD cameras and you have homework to prepare peripheral devices such as recorders to accept the HD cameras.

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S/N RATIO
Signal-to-Noise ratio is calculated with the logarithm of the normal signal and the noise RMS value.

SCENE ILLUMINATION
The average light level incident upon a protected area. Normally measured for the visible spectrum with a light meter having a spectral response corresponding closely to that of the human eye and is quoted in lux. Scotopic Vision levels are illumination levels below 10-2 lux, thus invisible to the human eye. Silicon. The raw material of which modern semiconductor devices are made.

SIMPLEX
In general, it refers to a communications system that can transmit information in one direction only. In CCTV, simplex is used to describe a method of multiplexer operation where only one function can be performed at a time, eg. either recording or playback individually.

SKIN EFFECT
The tendency of alternating current to travel only on the surface of a conductor as its frequency increases.

SLOW SCAN
The transmission of a series of frozen images by means of analog or digital signals over limited bandwidth media, usually telephone.

SMEAR
An unwanted side effect of vertical charge transfer in a CCD chip. It shows vertical bright stripes in places of the image where there are very bright areas. In better cameras smear is minimised to almost undetectable levels.

SMPTE
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. Spectrum analyser. An electronic device that can
show the spectrum of an electric signal.

SPECTRUM
In Electromagnetics, spectrum refers to the description of a signal’s amplitude versus its frequency components. In optics, spectrum refers to the light frequencies composing the “white light” which can be seen as rainbow colours.

SPG
Stands for Sync Pulse Generator. A source of synchronisation pulses.

SPLIT SCREEN UNIT
(Quad compressor). Equipment which simultaneously displays parts or more than one image on a single monitor. It usually refers to four quadrants display.

S-VHS
Super VHS format of video recording. A newer standard proposed by JVC, preserving the downward compatibility with the VHS format. It offers much better horizontal resolution up to 400 TV lines. This is mainly due to the colour separation techniques, high quality video heads and better tapes. Sync. This is short from synchronisation pulse.

TBC
Time Base Correction. Refers to the synchronisation of various signals inside a device such as a multiplexer or a TBC Corrector.

TDG
Short for time and date generator.

TELEMETRY
Remote controlling system of, usually, digital encoded data, intended to control pan, tilt, zoom, focus, preset positions, wash, wipe and similar. Being digital, it is usually sent via twisted pair cable, or coaxial cable together with the video signal.

TERMINATION
This usually refers to the physical act of terminating a cable with a special connector, which for coaxial cable is, usually, BNC. For fibre optic cable this is the ST connector. It can also refer to the impedance matching when electrical transmission is in use. This is especially important for high frequency signals, such as the video signal, where the characteristic impedance is accepted to be 75 Ohms.

TIME LAPSE VCR
(TL VCR). A video recorder, most often in VHS format, that can prolong the video recording on a single tape up to 960 hours (this refers to a 180 min tape). This type of VCRs are very often used in CCTV systems. The principle of operation is very simple – instead of having the video tape travel at a constant speed of 2.275 cm/s (which is the case with the domestic models of VHS VCRs), it moves with discrete steps which can be controlled. Time Lapse VCRs have a number of other special functions very useful in CCTV, such as external alarm trigger, time and date superimposed on the video signal, alarm search and so on.

TIME LAPSE VIDEO RECORDING
The intermittent recording of video signals at intervals to extend the recording time of the recording medium. It is usually measured in reference to a 3 hr (180 min) tape.

TIME MULTIPLEXING
The technique of recording several cameras onto, usually, one time lapse VCR by sequentially sending camera pictures with a timed interval delay to match the time lapse mode selected on the recorder.

UHF SIGNAL
Ultra high frequency signal. In television it is defined to belong in the radio spectrum between 470 MHz and 850 MHz. Unbalanced signal. In CCTV, this refers to a type of video signal transmission through a coaxial cable. It is called unbalanced because the signal travels through the centre core only, while the cable shield is used for equating the two voltage potentials between the coaxial cable ends.

UPS
Uninterruptible power supply. These are power supplies used in the majority of high security systems, whose purpose is to back-up the system for at least 10 minutes without mains power. The duration of this depends on the size of the UPS, usually expressed in VA, and the current consumption of the system itself.

VDA
Video Distribution Amplifier. A device that provides multiple outputs from one video signal such that interference to one output will not affect others.

VERTICAL SHIFT REGISTER
The mechanism in CCD technology whereby charge is read out from the photo sensors of an Interline Transfer or Frame Interline Transfer sensor.

VHF
Stands for Very High Frequency. A signal encompassing frequencies between 30 and 300 MHz. In television, VHF Band I uses frequencies between 45 MHz and 67 MHz, and between 180 MHz and 215 MHz for Band III. Band II is reserved for FM radio from 88 MHz to 108 MHz.

VHS
Stands for Video Home System, as proposed by JVC, a video recording format that is most often used in homes, but also in CCTV. It has its own limitations due to the concept itself, the speed of recording, the magnetic tapes used and the colour separation technique. Most of the CCTV equipment today supersedes VHS resolution.

VIDEO EQUALISATION CORRECTOR
(Video Equaliser). A device which corrects for unequal frequency losses and/or phase errors in the transmission of a video signal. Video frame store. A device which enables digital storage of one or more images for steady display on a video monitor.

VIDEO IN-LINE AMPLIFIER
A device providing amplification of a video signal.

VIDEO MATRIX SWITCHER
(VMS). A device for switching more than one camera, VCR, video printer and similar, to more than one monitor, VCR, video printer and similar. Much more complex and more powerful than video switchers.

VIDEO MONITOR
A device for converting a video signal into an image.

VIDEO MONITOR
A device for converting a video signal into an image.

VIDEO PRINTER
A device for converting a video signal to a hard copy printout. It could be a monochrome (B/W) or colour. They come in different format sizes. Special paper is needed.

VIDEO SIGNAL
An electrical signal containing all of the elements of the image produced by a camera or any other source of video information.

VIDEO SWITCHER
A device for switching more than one camera to one or more monitors manually, automatically or upon receipt of an alarm condition.

VITS
Video Insertion Test Signals. Special shaped electronic signals inserted in the “invisible” lines (in the case of PAL, lines 17, 18, 330 and 331) that are used to determine the quality of reception.

VLF
Very Low Frequency. Refers to the frequencies in the band between 10 and 30 kHz.

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